CHOKWADI-CHECK GUARANTEE
Political Tilt
& Emotional Tone
Chinyorwa ichi hachina tsarukano mune zvematongerwo enyika sezvo chichitarisa pane zvesainzi uye tsvakiridzo nezvehupenyu hwemhuka uye hachikurukure kana kufarira chero pfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika kana bato.
Yakagadzirwa uchishandisa artificial intelligence.
Manzwiro emanzwiro haana kwaakarerekera sezvo achipa ruzivo nenzira ine chinangwa uye yechokwadi pasina kuratidza chero manzwiro.
Yakagadzirwa uchishandisa artificial intelligence.
| By Richard Ahern - Kusafa hakuna kure-kure kupfuura vangafunga vazhinji; nepo mhuka dzakati wandei dzichizivikanwa kuti dzine hupenyu hwemakore anopfuura 100, vashoma vakasarudzwa chete vanogona kurarama nekusingaperi.
Upenyu hunosiyana zvikuru kubva kumarudzi nemarudzi. Nepo avhareji yevanhu vari munyika dzakabudirira ingangoita makore 80, zvipembenene zvakaita seMayfly zvinogara kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana chete, nepo mhuka dzakaita sekamba hombe dzichizivikanwa kuti dzinosvika makore anopfuura 24.
Asi kusafa kwakasiyana uye kunongowanikwa mumarudzi mashoma aya.
1 Tree wētā - giant crickets
Tree wētā makiriketi makuru asingabhururuka emhuri yeAnostostomatidae yetumbuyu. Mhuka inogara kuNew Zealand, makiriketi aya ndezvimwe zvezvipembenene zvinorema pasi rose. Kazhinji inowanikwa mumasango nemagadheni emudhorobha, zvisikwa izvi zvakakosha muzvidzidzo zveecology uye evolution.
Kusvika ku40mm (1.6in) kureba uye kuyera 3-7g (0.1-0.25oz), muti wētā unobudirira mumakomba mukati memiti, inochengetwa navo uye inozivikanwa semagalari. Wetas anowanzo kuwanikwa ari mumapoka, kazhinji aine murume mumwechete kusvika kune gumi vakadzi.
Izvo zvisikwa zveusiku, zvinovanda masikati uye kudya mashizha, maruva, michero, uye tumbuyu tuduku usiku. Pavadiki, weta inodurura exoskeletons yavo kasere pamakore maviri kusvika vasvika saizi yevakuru.
Heino chikamu chinoshamisa…
Zvipembenene izvi zvinoratidzira kusimba kunoshamisa kuchando, nekuda kwe mapuroteni chaiwo muropa ravo. Kunyangwe moyo yavo nehuropi zvikaoma, vanogona "kumutsidzirwa" kana vanyungudutswa, vachiratidza nzira inoshamisa yekupona.
Kunze kwekunge zvaurayiwa nezvikara, zvipembenene izvi zvinogona kurarama nekusingaperi.
2 The planarian worm
Kiyi yekusafa inogona kunge iri muhonye.
Icho hachisi ngano yesainzi - ndeyekutsvaga kubva vatsvakurudzi kuYunivhesiti yeNottingham. Vakaita chiziviso chinokatyamadza pamusoro perudzi rwegonye rinogona kuzarura zvakavanzika pakukwegura kwevanhu.
Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti dzimwe mhuka dzinogona kudzoreredza kukuvara kune chaiyo chikamu chemuviri, senge chiropa muvanhu uye nemoyo muzebrafish, asi mhuka iyi inogona kudzoreredza muviri wayo wese.
Sangana nema planarian worms.
Aya maflatworm akagumbura masayendisiti kwemakore nekugona kwavo kuita kunge kusingaperi regenerate chero nzvimbo yemuviri yakashaikwa. Makonye aya anogona kukura tsandanyama itsva, ganda, ura, uye kunyange uropi nguva nenguva.
Zvisikwa zvisingafi izvi hazvichemberi sezvatinoita. Dr. Aziz Aboobaker wepaUniversity of Nottingham’s School of Biology akatsanangura kuti makonye aya anogona kudzivisa kukwegura uye kuita kuti masero awo aparadzane. Ivo vanogona kunge vasingafi.
Chakavanzika chiri mumatelomeres…
Telomeres inodzivirira "makepisi" pamagumo emakromosome edu. Funga nezvavo semigumo pane tambo yeshangu - inodzivirira tambo kubva pakuparara.
Pese panopatsanurwa sero, matelomere aya anova mapfupi. Pakupedzisira, sero rinorasikirwa nekukwanisa kuvandudza uye kupatsanura. Mhuka dzisingafi dzakaita sehonye dzinorongana dzinofanira kuchengetedza matelomere adzo kubva pakupfupika.
Heino budiriro…
Dr. Aboobaker akafanotaura kuti makonye ari planarian anoshingaira kuchengetedza migumo yemakromosome awo mumasero akura. Izvi zvinotungamira kune izvo zvingave zvekufungidzira kusafa.
Tsvakurudzo iyi yanga isiri nyore. Chikwata ichi chakaita ongororo dzakasimba kuburitsa kusafa kwegonye. Vakazowana hungwaru hwemamorekuru hunoita kuti masero apatsanuke zvachose pasina kupfupikiswa kwemagumo ekromosome.
Muzvipenyu zvakawanda, enzyme inonzi telomerase ibasa rekuchengetedza telomeres. Asi patinokura, basa rayo rinodzikira.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza vhezheni inogona kunge iri planarian yejini coding yetelomerase. Vakaona kuti asexual worms anowedzera zvakanyanya kuita kwejini iri paanoita patsva, achibvumira masero e stem kuchengetedza matelomeres avo.
Sezvineiwo, kuita zvepabonde kubereka planarian worms hazviite sekuchengetedza telomere kureba nenzira imwecheteyo seasexual. Kusiyana uku kwakashamisa vaongorori, vakapihwa marudzi ese ane magumo ekuvandudza masimba.
Saka, izvi zvinorevei?
Chikwata chinofungidzira kuti makonye ekubereka anogona kupedzisira aratidza telomere-kupfupisa maitiro kana kushandisa imwe nzira.
Makonye aya anogona kubata zvakavandika kupfuura kusafa kwawo. Muzvinafundo Douglas Kell, BBSRC Chief Executive, akataura kuti tsvakiridzo iyi inobatsira zvakanyanya mukunzwisisa kwedu maitiro ekuchembera. Inogona kunge iri kiyi yekuvandudza hutano uye hupenyu hurefu mune zvimwe zvipenyu, kusanganisira vanhu.
3 The immortal jellyfish
Turritopsis dohrnii, inozivikanwawo se jellyfish isingafi, yawana kutariswa nekuda kwekugona kwayo kunoshamisa kudzokera padanho rekusakura pabonde mushure mekukura kwepabonde.
Inowanikwa mumvura dzine mwero kusvika kune dzinopisa munyika yose, inotanga upenyu semakonye anonzi planulae. Mapuranga aya anoita kuti pave nemapolyp anoita nyuchi yakabatana pasi pegungwa, anozopedzisira abuda sejellyfish. Aya ma clones akafanana ane genetic anoita chimiro chakakura kwazvo, chisingawanikwe pakati pejellyfish zhinji.
Pavanokura, vanokura pabonde uye vanobata mamwe marudzi ejellyfish. Kana yaiswa mukushushikana, hurwere, kana zera, T. dohrnii anogona kudzokera kuchikamu chepolyp kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi transdifferentiation.
The incredible transdifferentiation process inobvumira masero kuti ashanduke kuva mhando itsva, zvinobudirira kuita T. dohrnii biologically isingafi. Nechepfungwa, maitiro anogona kuenderera nekusingaperi, kunyange zvakadaro, mumasikirwo, kubatwa kana chirwere chinogona kukonzera rufu pasina kudzokera kune polyp fomu. Chiitiko ichi hachina kungogumira kuT. dohrnii - kugona kwakafanana kunoonekwa mujellyfish Laodicea undulata nemhando dzerudzi rweAurelia.
Kugona kusafa kweT. dohrnii kwakapinza jellyfish iyi muchiedza chezvidzidzo zvesainzi. Hunyanzvi hwayo hwebhayoloji hwakasiyana hune mhedzisiro yakakura pakutsvagisa mune yakakosha biology, maitiro ekuchembera, uye mashandisirwo emishonga.
Zvinoreva hutano hwevanhu uye hupenyu hurefu
Tsvagiridzo yezvipenyu izvi yakavhura musuwo wekunzwisisa kuchembera pachikamu chemolecular.
Nemashoko akareruka, mhuka idzi dzinogona kutidzidzisa maitiro ekusafa - kana kuti angaite sei kuderedza kuchembera uye hunhu hune hukama mumasero emunhu.
Inguva chete uye kumwe kutsvagisa kuchataura izvo zvakawanikwa izvi zvinogona kureva kuvanhu. Asi chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi - mhuka idzi dzinogona kutsanangura zvakare zvatinoziva nezvehupenyu uye hupenyu hurefu.
Batanidza hurukuro!